Primary infertility refers to a situation in which a couple has never been able to conceive a child despite having regular, unprotected sexual intercourse for at least one year. 

Primary infertility can be due to various factors, including reproductive issues in either partner. In women, primary infertility may be caused by problems with ovulation, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hormonal imbalances, or blocking of the fallopian tubes. Infertility can be due to various factors, such as reproductive issues in either partner. 

In women, primary infertility might be caused by ovulation disorders, hormonal imbalances, structural abnormalities of the reproductive system, or conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) or endometriosis. In men, primary infertility may be caused by low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or structural abnormalities of the reproductive system. 

Other factors that can contribute to primary infertility include age, lifestyle choices (such as smoking or excessive alcohol consumption), certain medical conditions, genetics, and environmental factors. It is important for couples experiencing primary infertility to undergo medical evaluation and testing to determine the underlying cause. 

Treatment options for primary infertility can vary depending on the cause. In some cases, infertility may be managed through lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss or quitting smoking. Medications can be prescribed to regulate ovulation or improve sperm production. Assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), may be recommended for couples who are unable to conceive naturally.

Primary infertility can be emotionally challenging for individuals and couples, and seeking support from healthcare professionals or support groups can be beneficial. It is important for couples to communicate openly, consider the various treatment options available to them, and make informed decisions about their fertility journey.

Dr. Christopher Fletcher (MBBS, DM OBGYN @ UWI, FACOG)

Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist